The bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, known in media coverage as the "flesh-eating bacteria," has been detected in the Strait of Messina. The microorganism had already been identified 21 years ago in the waters between Sicily and Calabria and in plankton as part of a study conducted by the University of Messina.

Vibrio vulnificus lives primarily in warm, brackish waters. It can pose a risk to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish and seafood, particularly oysters, or when an open wound comes into contact with contaminated water. The infection can cause gastrointestinal problems and, in severe cases, skin infections that can progress to necrotizing fasciitis, potentially requiring intensive care or amputations.

The rise in sea temperatures is considered a factor that could favor the presence of the bacterium in areas where it was previously less common. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has recommended caution in consuming raw shellfish and avoiding contact with seawater when having open wounds.

In the United States, the situation is being monitored with particular attention in Florida, where the Department of Health has reported 12 cases as of July 30, including one death in Palm Beach County. According to the reported data, in 2025 infections were 33 with five deaths, while in 2024 cases reached 82 with 19 fatalities. In Louisiana, in recent months, five deaths have been reported and two in Florida, with 14 other people contracting the infection. In the United States, approximately 100 cases are recorded on average each year, one third of which are fatal.